《韩非子》反义词特征浅析

《韩非子》中反义词不仅数量丰富,多达500余组,而且在类型、对应关系和分布上也显示出独有的特征。其语法类型特征主要是语法类型比较单一,主要分布在形容词、动词和名词三种词类上,以形容词为多,且有许多词语兼属不同的语法类型;其词义类型特征主要是词义涉及范围比较广,有时间、空间、名物、行为动作以及性质状态等多种关系的对立。对应关系的总体特征是不平衡,表现为音节对应上和数量对应上的不平衡,即除单音词与单音词相对、复音词与复音词相对外,还有单音词与复音词相对形成反义词的现象;除一对一的对应关系外,还有一对多的对应关系存在。分布上的特征主要是分布较为集中,大量的反义词连用和对用,以及在全书范围内散用反义词。

Simple Analysis on Features of Antonyms in Hanfeizi

There are more than 500 groups of antonyms in Hanfeizi.They have particular features in classes, corresponding relations and distribution.Their grammar class features are single.Most antonyms belong to adjectives, verbs and nouns and the adjectives are the most. There are a lot of words belong to various grammar classes. Their acceptation class features are that their acceptation range involved time, space, substance, action, quality and state, etc. The features of corresponding relations are imbalance in syllable and quantity correspondence. Besides single syllable words to single syllable words and complex syllables words to complex syllables words , there are many single syllable words to complex syllables words. Besides one word to one word,there are one word to many words, too.The features in distribution are concentrate, a lot of seriate and opposite antonyms and scattered antonyms in all the book.