汉王朝的兴衰与汉赋的发展及转变

赋在汉代的兴盛同帝王的喜好及大汉帝国的空前强盛有关。赋的铺排特征适宜于表现巨丽的场景和宏大的气势。汉赋有文赋、骚赋、诗体赋和俗赋，但以文赋为主体，在汉代为散体的形式。文赋中的骋辞大赋主要以京苑、游猎为题材；俗赋流传于民间，有一定的情节；骚赋多抒发个人情感；诗体赋以咏物为主。由于社会的变化及作家经历的差异，不同时期的赋总有一种成为主要体式，内容也由初期阶段的歌功颂德到注重作家的个人感受，最后到直接揭露与批判社会现实。但即使在汉王朝最鼎盛的时期，也有反映社会矛盾之作。整个汉代二百二十多年中。赋在内容和形式上都有发展、开拓和变化，取得了巨大的成绩，对后代的辞赋、诗歌和散文，以至小说、戏曲，都有一定的影响。

The Rise and Fall of Han Dynasty and the Development and Change of Han Ode

The quick development of ode in Hart Dynasty was closely related to the preferences of emperors and the unprecedented prosperity of Han Empire. The feature of the ode layout was fit for representing gorgeous scene and grand momentum. The ode in Han dynasty mainly included literary ode, expressive ode, poetic ode and popular ode. The literary ode was the principal part and its form was similar to prose. The theme of the literary ode covered the content of Jing - yuan and migrant hunting： The popular ode was prevalent among the folk with some plot and story. The expressive ode wais mainly used to express personal feelings. The poetic ode described the substance in nature. Owing to the change of the society and the different writers＇ experience, one form of ode always became dominant in various periods. The content of it also changed from the praise of emperors, expression of personal feelings to disclosing and criticizing the downsides of the society. But even in the peak of Han dynasty, the odes played the role of reflecting the contradiction of the society. In the Whole history of Han dynasty in over 220 years, the content and the style of ode experienced development, change, progress and influenced the following odes, poems, prose, novels and even operas.