马克思主义和谐自然观：“人与自然关系”的新范式

西方学者把马克思主义自然观归结为＂生产中心主义,忽视环境保护＂,这是对马克思主义自然观的歪曲。马克思恩格斯不仅很早就关注资本主义工业化导致的生态环境问题,而且提出了人与自然和谐统一的自然观：从属性关系上,人与自然和谐统一体现为自然性和社会性的和谐统一;从主客体关系上,人与自然和谐统一体现为能动性与受动性的和谐统一;从本体论关系上,人与自然和谐统一体现为有机体和无机体的和谐统一;从历史观关系上,人与自然和谐统一体现为自然史和人类史的和谐统一;从价值取向关系上,人与自然和谐统一体现为内在尺度与外在尺度的和谐统一;从现实性关系上表现为人与自然的关系和人与人的关系的和谐统一;人与自然和谐统一的理想目标是实现自然主义与人道主义的和谐统一。马克思主义和谐自然观是一种从根本上超越了有机论自然观和机械论自然观的新范式,为当代生态伦理学的进一步发展提供了正确的价值导向。

Marxism's View on Harmonious Nature:New Model for "Relations Between Man and Nature"

It is a misunderstanding to the natural view of Marxism that Western scholars consider it as ＂focusing on production while neglecting the protection of environment＂.Not only they-Marx and Engels pay attention to the ecological environmental problems caused by capitalism industrialization,but also does they put forward the natural view that man and nature are in harmony and unity.It reflects in harmonious connection between naturalness and the opposite,initiative and the opposite,organism and the opponent,natural history and human history,internal and external scale,and the relation between man and nature in comparison with man and man in attribution,relationship between subject and object,ontology,historical relation,value orientation,and realism.In all,its goal is to realize the harmonious unity among naturalism and humanism.The harmonious natural view of Marxism is beyond the nature of organic and mechanical natural view totally in modules,and provides a correct value orientation for modern ecological ethics.