口译理解过程中的心理噪音及其对口译教学的启示

口译译员在双语交际过程中扮演着中间人的角色。由于其身份的必要性和工作的特殊性,国内外出版的口译论著和译著中在论及口译理解时都要求译员做到:听力好;精通讲话者所用的语言;熟悉讲话者所属国的文化背景;了解讲话者所属国在发音和用词方面的特点;了解讲话的主题并且具备广博的学识。然而,在口译实践过程中,我们发现,仅做到这些,有时仍然难以胜任工作。究其原因,祸首乃口译理解过程中的“心理噪音”。本文用口译实例阐述了由于译员缺乏心理期待或作出错误预测而造成的“心理噪音”在口译理解过程中产生的负面影响,用认知心理学、语用学和巴黎释意派理论分析其作用的原因,并探讨了在口译教学过程中如何设计有针对性地训练和练习。

Psychological Noise in Comprehension during Interpreting and its Implications for Interpreter Training

The interpreter plays the role of a middleman in the course of bilingual communication. As the job is rather demanding, it is required that an interpreter, in order to understand the source language speaker, should have such qualities as acute hearing, a good command of the source language, familiarity with the background to the SL speaker' s country, knowledge of the features of pronunciation and vocabulary in the SL speaker's country,awareness of the subject concerned and a broad scope of general knowledge. But, the ac-tyual cases of interpretation show that the above-mentioned qualities are far from enough to give the interpreters a competence for the task. One cause is "psychological noise" in comprehension during interpreting. This article explains, in terms of cognitive psychology, pragmatics and the Paris theory of interpretation, how and why such "psychological noise" as the lack of anticipation or improper andcipation affect the comprehension of the interpreter during interpreting, and discusses how to design practices for the training of interpreters accordingly.