法律方法及其运用

法律方法近几年来逐渐在我国法学界和实务界引起重视,究其原因,是其对法治所具有的积极推动意义。法官只有借助于各种法律技术和法律解释方法,才能把成文法和司法有机地结合起来,从而疏通由法律规则到个案判决的转换过程。综合来看,可以将法律(解释)方法分为四类:狭义的法律解释方法、法律漏洞补充方法、不确定概念的价值补充、利益衡量。面对模糊不清的法律,一般来说,应按照文义解释、论理解释、比较法解释和社会学解释的先后排序,考虑各种狭义解释方法的运用;对于存在空缺结构的法律,需要运用法律漏洞补充方法;对于不确定的概念,则要进行价值补充;在以上各种方法的运用中,可以综合进行利益衡量。在我国当前国情下,重视法律方法的运用对于法官判案有着极其重要的推动作用。

Legal Methods and their Application

Legal methods have been attached more and more importance in the fields of jurisprudence and practice of law in recent years. The reason for this is that legal methods give a positive impulse to the development of ruling by law. Judges can join statute to judiciary organically only by means of all kinds of legal methods. As a result, the transaction procession from legal rules to individual case judgments can be operated. From a synthetical point of view, legal methods (or legal interpretation methods) can be categorized into four types: legal methods of narrow sense, gap-filling methods, value evaluation of uncertain concepts and profits measurement. Generally speaking, when we face obscure laws, we can use legal methods of a narrow sense in the order of: firstly, interpretation according to literary meaning; secondly, interpretation by proving; thirdly, interpretation by comparative jurisprudence, and finally interpretation by sociological jurisprudence. As far as loopholes in law are concerned, we usually use gap-filling methods. For uncertain concepts, we can use the methods of value judgment. The method of profit-measurement can be used in all of the above legal methods. In our present national conditions, valuing the application of legal methods is very important for judges to adjudicate cases.