共同富裕视域下易地扶贫搬迁移民生计资本、生计策略与生计选择行为的影响研究

960多万人口的易地扶贫搬迁，有73%以上的搬迁人口在西部地区，如何实现搬迁人口的可持续发展是易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持的关键。基于三区三州怒江州少数民族515户的调查数据，建立生计资本与生计稳定性耦合协调度模型和Logistic回归模型，分析生计耦合协调类型、生计策略选择和转化的影响因素。研究发现：搬迁移民现阶段的生计资本水平较低，生计资本与生计稳定性的耦合协调关系处于稳定恢复期；务工为主农业为辅类型、生计多样类型搬迁移民家庭的生计资本与生计稳定性耦合协调度优于农业为主务工为辅类型；在生计策略选择的影响因素中，物质资本、金融资本和人力资本对农业为主务工为辅类型移民家庭有负向影响，人力资本、社会资本对务工为主农业为辅类型移民家庭有正向影响，物质资本、金融资本、社会资本对生计多样类型移民家庭有显著影响；搬迁移民由农业为主务工为辅类型向务工为主农业为辅类型转化的关键因素是物质资本和人力资本，其中家庭资产数量、家庭收入、就业技能培训、非农就业人口数对其转化有促进作用；搬迁移民由农业为主务工为辅类型向生计多样类型转化的关键因素是物质资本、金融资本、人力资本，其中居住地生态环境、房屋面积、家有资产数量...

The Influence of Livelihood Capital, Livelihood Strategies and Livelihood Choice Behavior of Poverty Alleviation Relocation from the Perspective of Common Prosperity

More than 9.6 million people have relocated for poverty alleviation, with more than 73% of the relocated population in the western region. How to achieve sustainable development of the relocated population is the key to follow-up support for relocation for poverty alleviation. Based on the survey data of 515 minority households in Nujiang Prefecture in three districts and three prefectures, a coupling coordination degree model and Logistic regression model of livelihood capital and livelihood stability were established to analyze the influencing factors of livelihood coupling coordination type, livelihood strategy selection and transformation. The research found that the living capital level of relocated immigrants is low at this stage, and the coupling and coordination relationship between living capital and livelihood stability is in a stable recovery period. The coupling and coordination degree of livelihood capital and livelihood stability of immigrant families in the type of labor-based agriculture supplemented and diversified livelihood is better than that of agriculture-based labor supplemented. Among the influencing factors of the choice of livelihood strategies, physical capital, financial capital and human capital have negative effects on immigrant families with agriculture as the main activity and labor as the auxiliary type, while human capital and social capital have positive effects on the immigrant families with the employment as the mainstay and agriculture as the auxiliary type, and physical capital, financial capital, and social capital have significant impacts on immigrant families with diverse livelihoods. The key factors for the transformation of immigrants from agriculture-based and labor-assisted types to labor-based and agricultural-assisted ones are physical capital and human capital, in which the amount of household assets, income, employment skills training, and the number of non-agricultural employment promote the transformation. The key factors for the transformation of immigrants from agriculture-based labor-related types to livelihood-diversified ones are physical capital, financial capital, and human capital, in which the ecological environment of the place of residence, housing area, amount of household assets, income, bank loans, employment skills training, and the number of non-agricultural employment promote the transformation. Based on these findings, it is proposed that in the post-relief period for ethnic minority immigrants out of poverty, it is necessary to strengthen employment skills training, increase credit, increase income from land resources, deepen cooperation between the east and west, and focus on county-level industry cultivation.