Race differentials in employment effects of psychological distress: A study of non-Hispanic Whites and African-Americans in the United States |
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| Authors: | Pierre Kébreau Alexandre Richard Patrick Arnousse Beauliere Silvia S Martins |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205,USA;2. Department of Health Policy, The George Washington University, School of Public Health Policy and Health Services, Washington, DC, USA;3. Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Institut de Santé Publique, d’Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Bordeaux Cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | This study used two sub-samples of African-Americans and non-Hispanic Whites from the 2002–2003 U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health to examine differential effects of psychological distress (PD) on employment. Failing to reject exogeneity of PD in the employment specifications, we estimated standard probit of employment. We found that PD significantly reduced employment probability regardless of race; but the reduction was 7.4% for African-Americans, compared to 5.3% for Whites. Using individuals with PD only, we estimated the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition and found endowments explained 61% of employment differences between Whites with PDs and African-Americans with PDs while 39% of these differences were due to unexplained factors. These findings suggest that targeted policies for prevention and effective treatment of PD might yield higher employment benefits for minorities. |
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| Keywords: | Mental illness Mental health Employment Race differentials in employment |
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