美国主流媒体对“一带一路”报道的话语建构研究

共建“一带一路”倡议如今已经走过十余年历程，取得了突出成就，为共建国家发展赢得新的机遇。随着美国对“一带一路”的关注度持续上升，分析美国主流媒体对“一带一路”的相关报道可以反映美国对该倡议的态度，便于中国做出有效应对措施。研究运用语料库文本挖掘方法，选取美国两大主流媒体《纽约时报》《华盛顿邮报》中涉及“一带一路”的报道文本，从主题分布、主体建构、搭配词和索引行等维度考察美国主流媒体对该倡议的话语建构方式。研究发现，十年间美国两大媒体对“一带一路”的报道包括“一带一路”建设内容和中国影响力等多个主题。根据时间变化，报道主题存在三个阶段的差异:初期突出中国与亚洲国家的合作，中期重点报道中国的世界影响力，近期涉及新冷战等主题。两大媒体通过勾勒基础设施建设与投资、大国关系和中美贸易等内容建构“中国”和“一带一路”形象，对该倡议的认知从早期的中性态度转向中近期的消极态度。基于此，一方面适时开展舆论反击工作是应对美国舆论的关键，向美国媒体传递高质量“一带一路”信息以回击不实言论;另一方面事实胜于雄辩，继续坚持共建“一带一路”是长期发展之要义，展现大国的胸怀与担当，吸纳更多国家参与“一带一路”，推动共建国家合作共赢，促进文明交流互鉴。

A study on the discourse construction of American mainstream media’s “Belt and Road” reports

The Belt and Road Initiative has gone through a decade of history and made outstanding achievements, winning new opportunities for the development of many countries. As the United States pays more attention to the initiative, the analysis of relevant reports by the mainstream media in the United States can reflect the attitude of the United States towards the initiative, so that China can take effective countermeasures. Using text mining method, this paper selects the reports related to the initiative in The New York Times and The Washington Post, the two mainstream media in the United States, and examines their discourse construction mode from the dimensions of themes, subject construction, collocations and concordancer. It is found that in past ten years, two medias reported on the initiative with various themes, including contents of “Belt and Road Initiative” and Chinese influence. The focus of the three stages is also different: highlighting the cooperation between China and Asian countries in the early stage; focusing on Chinese influence in the middle stage, and exploring topics such as new cold war recently. At the same time, two medias constructed the image of “China” and “Belt and Road” by outlining topics such as infrastructure construction and investment, major country relations and Sino-American Trade. Meanwhile, their understanding to the initiative shifted from neutral attitude in the early stage into negative attitude recently. Based on this, on the one hand, a flareback of bad publicity is key to respond to American public opinion. On the other hand, facts speak louder than words. Adhering to the initiative is the essence of long-term development. It is necessary to show the responsibilities of China, to attract more countries to participate in the initiative, to promote win-win cooperation among countries, and to promote mutual learning.