改革开放背景下FDI技术溢出效应及其阶段性变化

多数文献认为FDI对中国本土企业的生产效率具有积极影响,利用现有文献采用的计量模型研究FDI对中国大中型工业企业的技术溢出效应,得出了相同结论,但这些结论都是在计量模型遗漏了"改革开放"这一重要控制变量的情况下得出的。在计量模型中对代表"改革"与"开放"的变量控制后,发现FDI技术溢出效应显著下降,甚至发生了定性变化,19992003年FDI技术溢出效应由统计上显著的正效应转变为不显著的负效应,20052007年则从统计上显著的正效应转变为不显著的正效应,随着改革开放进程的推进,FDI技术溢出效应发生了阶段性变化。上述结论对研究经济转轨国家的FDI技术溢出效应具有一定借鉴价值。

Technology Spillovers from FDI at Different Stages of Reform and Openingup

Most existing studies hold that Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) has positive spillovers on the technical progress for domestic Chinese firms.Using the same econometric models in the existing literature,this paper examines the FDI technology spillover effects on domestic large and mediumsized industrial enterprises and comes to the same conclusion.However,existing studies draw their conclusion without considering an important explanatory variable—China’s "reform and opening up".In view of such a limitation,this paper includes indicators of "reform and openingup" as control variables.It is found that the positivity of technology spillovers from FDI decreases remarkably and even turns into negative at some stage when reform and opening up is taken into consideration.Specifically,technology spillovers from FDI turned from being significantly positive in 1999 to being insignificantly negative in 2003 and from significantly positive in 2005 to insignificantly positive in 2007.With the deepening of reform and openingup,periodic changes have taken place in technology spillovers of FDI.Such findings have implications for studying the technology spillovers from FDI in transitional economies.