董仲舒王道论浅析

董仲舒将王道之依据上溯于天,认为是圣人承天意以从事的结果,并将人间的统治者确定为天之子,由此论证了现实政权的合法性;同时,他又通过"天立王以为民也"的设定,将人间统治者的统治置于以天道为依据的王道的规制之下。在此基础之上,他结合现实,对儒家视域中与王道相对的霸道,进行了论述,认为王霸皆本于仁,将儒法结合,并在治道层面主张德主刑辅,大德小刑,从而把儒法结合后的政治行动力契入儒家,使其主张具有非常强烈的现实感和可操作性。由此,中国近千年的霸王道杂之的治道模式在一定程度上得以确立。

A Tentative Study of Dong Zhongshu’s Kingly Way

Dong Zhongshu based his theory of Kingly Way on Heaven, believed that it was resulted from sage’s behaviors with the Heaven’s will, and affirmed the rulers in the world to be the descendants of the Heaven, from above which he argued the authenticity of the power. Meanwhile, he regulated the power of the world’s rulers under the Kingly Way based on Heaven’s Way, through his setting of "The heaven nominated the kings for people". Then, he related with the reality and summarized the distinction between the Kingly Way and Dictator’s Way from the pre-Qin period, and suggested that the Kingly Way and Dictator’s Way originated from benevolence. He combined the thoughts of Confucian School and Legalists, and proposed an idea of governing with law accessory to virtue, mainly on virtue and minor law, by which combination he fitted the political action factor into the Confucianism , and made it full of strong operability and actual sense. Henceforth, partly, established the combined governing pattern of Kingly Way and Dictator’s Way in China for thousands of years.