三权分置政策导向下农村宅基地盘活机制实践探索

随着农村宅基地三权分置问题逐渐成为政府和社会关注的热点，农村宅基地进一步盘活市场和发展空间需求的重要性逐渐显现。对中国农村宅基地政策演变和不同开发模式进行比较，讨论三权分置政策内涵，以陕西省礼泉县官厅村为个案，结合问卷调研和深度访谈法，通过对现状宅基地实际宗地数量、人均拥有量、人群对宅基地用途意愿等分析，研究农村宅基地发展变革历程，探索宅基地利用实践策略。研究认为，在乡村振兴战略和城乡平衡需求的驱动下，宅基地发展存在制度缺失、市场秩序混乱、多元利益主体需求难满足，理论指导和实践应用不匹配等方面困境，通过指标互补、产业融合、休闲共享等实践模式，形成三权分置体系下农村宅基地的盘活作用机制，即摸清宅基地荒置底数，部分建设用地转化为耕地；引入文化运营企业，植入乡土体验、精品民宿等新业态新功能，实现企业+村集体+村民的三方共赢；对原有农房户型进行现代化和适老化改造，城市居民与原住户共享养老空间；利用实际建设与运营成效来验证开发模式的可行性，能够纾解农村宅基地发展困境。

Practical exploration on the revitalization mechanism of rural homesteads under the guidance of the separation of three rights policy

As the issue of separation of three rights(rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights)in rural homesteads has gradually become a focus of attention of the government and society, the importance of rural homesteads to further revitalize the market and develop space needs has gradually emerged. This paper compares the evolution of China's rural homestead policy and different development models, and discusses the connotation of the separation of three rights policy. Taking Guanting Village, Liquan County, Shaanxi Province as a case, using the methods of questionnaire research and in-depth interviews, through the analysis of the actual number of land parcels for the current rural homesteads, per capita ownership, and the population's intention to use homesteads, etc., this paper studies the development and transformation of rural homesteads, and explores practical strategies for the use of homesteads. The research results show that, driven by the rural revitalization strategy and the demand for urban-rural balance, there are four dilemmas in the development of homesteads: lack of institution, confusion in market order, difficulty in meeting the needs of multiple interest subjects, and lack of practical application compared to theoretical guidance. Through practical models such as index complementation, industrial integration, and leisure sharing, the revitalization mechanism of rural homesteads under the system of separation of three rights is formed. It contains the following contents: find out the number of abandoned homesteads, and convert some construction land into arable land; bring in cultural enterprises, establish the local experience, boutique homestays and other new business forms and new functions to achieve a three-way win-win situation for enterprises, village collectives and villagers; modernize and adapt the original rural housing units to better suit the elderly, enable the urban residents and original residents to share the space for old-age care; utilize the actual construction and operational results to verify the feasibility of the development model, so that the development dilemma of rural homesteads can be alleviated.