20世纪初美国新镇的起源与初步发展

20世纪初,随着美国城市化进程的快速发展,各种城市和社会问题日益突显。为此,一些城市规划师主张在借鉴英国田园城市理论和实践的基础上开发美国新镇。20世纪20年代,美国区域规划协会开发了以雷德本为代表的多个田园城市,从而成为美国现代新镇开发的重要开端。30年代,联邦政府为了解决城市人口的失业、贫困等问题,提出在大城市郊区建立相对独立自足的绿带城镇,从而进一步推动了美国新镇的发展。20世纪20年代的田园城市开发和30年代的绿带城镇计划为美国六七十年代的新镇开发运动奠定了基础。

On the Origin and Initial Development of American New Towns in Early 20th Century

At the beginning of the twentieth century, with the rapid development of cities in America, various urban and social issues were becoming increasingly prominent. Some urban planners claimed to design and develop new towns in America on the basis of British garden city theory and practices. In the 1920s, many garden cities were-developed, such as Radburn, by the Regional Planning Association of America, which became an important start of American modern new town development. In the 1930s, federal government proposed to establish greenbelt towns in big city suburbs, in order to solve intricate urban problems, such as unemployment, poverty, and so on. The Garden City development in the 1920s and greenbelt towns plan in the 1930s laid foundations for the new towns development in the1960s and 1970s in America.