国民政府行政院行使权力的困境(1932～1935)——以推行保甲制度的程序为例

20世纪30年代初期,国民政府最高行政机关行政院,在内忧外患的施政环境中,由于军权的介入,制度上的权力在实际运作中陷入了困境。行政院与军事委员会两者之间是平行及互不隶属的关系,但行政院应当处于权力的核心。然而通过各省市停办自治办理保甲的程序考察,发现行政院制度上的权力与实际运作中存在着较大的偏差。行政院权力运行出现困境,必然导致军政一体化的产生,其后果是阻碍了国民政府治权的真正实现与政治现代化的进程。

On the Dilemmas Encountered by the Administrative Office of the National Government in Exercising Its Powers:A Case Study of the Procedures of Bao-Jia System

In the early 1930's and with the background of domestic trouble and foreign invasion,the power exer- cised by the administrative office,the supreme administrative organ of the National Government,was intervened by the military power and had actually fallen into the dilemma.Both the Administrative Office and the Military Commission were in a parallel relation,but the former should exercise the kennel power.Through the investigations of the proce- dures of Bao-Jia system (household security system) which had cancelled in all the provinces and regions,this paper has found out that the power exercised by the Administrative Office was much deviated in its actual practice.The dilemma encountered by the Administrative Office in exercising its powers inevitably led to the integration of the mili- tary with the politics,which hindered the actual realization of the government's functions and the political moderniza- tion drive.