社会比较、时间比较对老年人主观幸福感的影响研究

基于2015年中国综合社会调查数据,采用标准有序Logistic模型,检验分析了比较对老年人主观幸福的影响。研究发现:主观幸福感是一个比较的概念,其关键在于比较,社会比较和时间比较对老年人主观幸福感具有显著正向影响;对比效应是解释老年人主观幸福感的心理机制;时间比较对不同老年人主观幸福感的影响存在异质性,心理不健康、多子女、家庭经济地位高、文化程度低的老年人的主观幸福感影响更大;生活保障、社会公平等宏观制度因素对老年人主观幸福影响显著。据此提出,推进老年人继续教育、再就业等工作,提升老年人的获得感;加大民生建设,丰富老年人精神文化生活;通过政策倾斜与人文关怀重点关注弱势老年人群体;重点推进生活保障、社会公平等宏观制度建设。

A Study of the Impact of Social Comparison, Temporal Comparison on the Subjective Well-being of the Elderly

Based on the data of China comprehensive social survey in 2015,the influence of comparison on the subjective well-being(SWB)of the elderly was tested and analyzed by using the standard ordered logistic model.The results show that:SWB is a comparative concept with the emphasis on comparison.Social comparison,and temporal comparison impose a significant positive impact on the SWB of the elderly.Contrast effect is the psychological mechanism to explain the SWB of the elderly.The impact of temporal comparison on the SWB of the elderly is heterogeneous,which can be illustrated by the evidence that SWB is more influential to the elderly who are psychologically unhealthy,prolific,economically dominant in family or less-educated.Macro institutional factors like life security and social equity also have a significant impact on the SWB of the elderly.Therefore,it is proposed to promote the continuing education and reemployment of the elderly to enhance their sense of gain,to strengthen the construction of people’s livelihood for the enrichment of the spiritual and cultural life of the elderly,to focus on vulnerable groups among the elderly through policy inclination and humanistic care,and to reinforce the macro-system construction like life security and social equity.