中国城镇化与就业演进的协调性研究

中国新型城镇化发展日益面临市民和外来务工人员的多层次就业压力,这无疑给城镇化与城乡就业的协调发展带来巨大挑战。实证研究发现:1971-2012年虽然中国城镇化与就业的协调性比较高,但城镇化与就业的协调性指数波动幅度比较大,同时就业增长滞后于城镇化进程,这已成为新型城镇化面临的一大难题。出现这种情况的原因在于城乡固定资产投资差距和城乡收入差距以及户籍政策的束缚。为了有效促进城镇化与就业的协调性,必须实现城乡公共服务供给的平等化,缩小城乡固定资产投资差距和城乡居民收入差距,实施积极的人力资本投资政策,提高劳动者素质和劳动技能。

Coordination Research on Urbanization and Employment Evolution in China

The development of China＇ s new urbanization is facing the multi-level employment pressure of residents and migrant workers, brings the challenge of coordinated development of urbanization and employment. The results showed：the coordination between urbanization and employment in China is higher, but the volatility of China＇ s urbanization and employment coordination index is larger from 1971 to 2012, as long as the growth of employment lags in urbanization process, which becomes a difficult problem to the new urbanization. The reason is the fixed asset investment gap and the income gap between urban and rural areas as well as the constraints of household registration policy. In order to promote effectively the coordination of urbanization and employment, we put forward the implementation of urban and rural public service supply equality, narrow the gap between urban and rural residents and promote the employment ability.