户籍改革背景下农村宅基地退出机制研究

户籍改革背景下,引导农民自愿有序退出空闲宅基地对于提高农村土地利用效率、推进新型城镇化建设具有重要意义。来自安徽省农村的调查结果显示,具备退地条件的农户越来越多,但愿意退出的较少。究其原因,宅基地使用权制度承载的复杂功能形成外部障碍,无偿取得与无期限使用导致农户退地缺乏外在压力,低标准补偿抑制了农户退地的内在动力,退出机制缺失对农户退地造成现实困难。需统筹城乡社会保障,回归宅基地使用权的用益物权权能,以破除农民退地的外部障碍,提高农民退地的积极性;通过完善宅基地使用权制度和建构合理的宅基地退出机制,为宅基地退出提供制度约束和可行路径。

The Research of Rural Residential Land Return Mechanism in Household Registry Reform

In the background of household registry reform, guiding farmers to return their rural residential land voluntarily and orderly is of great significance to increase the utilization efficiency of rural land and advance the construction of the new urbanization. Based on survey results from Anhui Province, there are more and more farmers have conditions to return land, but they are not willing to do so. Many factors contribute to this phenomenon: the complex functions of homesteads, free acquisition of land, indefinitely land-use right, low compensation standard, in addition to a lack of exit system. Therefore, we need to break the barriers by balancing urban and rural social security, raise the enthusiasm of farmers by regaining the powers and functions of homesteads, and provide the restraint mechanism and feasible path by refactoring the system of homesteads and constructing the homestead exit mechanism.