流动儿童义务教育经费制度与平等受教育权

平等受教育权是宪法赋予公民的基本权利之一,承担受教育权的给付义务则是政府的基本义务之一。《义务教育法》明确了政府为所有儿童提供义务教育机会和条件的责任,但却没有进一步明确不同级别和地区政府之间承担义务教育给付义务的具体数额及比例。国务院制订的以县级政府、以流入地政府为主的流动儿童义务教育经费制度,既忽视了地方财政收入的先天性差异,又忽视了流动儿童分布的地区性差异,更缺乏对流入地政府承担流动儿童义务教育经费的激励及责任制度,导致流动儿童在城市里无法平等享有义务教育阶段的受教育权。只有建立以中央政府为主的义务教育经费制度,才能帮助流动儿童有效实现其平等受教育权。

Compulsory Education Fund Mechanism and Migrant Children's Equal Education Right

Equal education right is a basic right granted to citizens by Constitution law , and the govern-ments have the payment obligation .Compulsory Education Law has legislated that the governments have to provide the same education chance to every child equally .However this law keeps silence on the spe-cific amount of the needed money and the proportion of payment between different levels and districts gov -ernments.The compulsory education funds mechanism , established by Chinese State Council has imple-mented the policy that the expenditure of migrant children is mainly paid by the county-level governments and the governments receiving the influx of migrant children , which has neglected not only the innate difference of governments＆#39;Revenue but also the unbalance of migrant children＆#39;s distribution.Also, the policy lacks the incentive and obligation system for the governments receiving the influx of migrant chil -dren.Only Chinese central government takes main charge of the financial expenditure of migrant children＆#39;s compulsory education can help them realize the education right equally and effectively .