美国在印尼非殖民化过程中的政策变化及作用分析

按照战时美国关于印尼的计划,荷兰将有序地恢复其殖民统治,并指导印尼渐进地获得独立。但是,战后印尼民族主义者没有遵循美国所设想的非殖民化道路,而是建立起一个稳定的共和国政权。在荷兰与印尼冲突开始后,美国政府起初希望采取中立政策,以避开尴尬的非殖民化问题。但随着印尼局势的日益恶化,尤其是"茉莉芬事件"后,印尼共和国的反共倾向符合美国在东南亚的利益,而荷兰顽固的殖民政策已经威胁到美国战后外交政策目标的实现,美国最终选择了支持印尼走向非殖民化之路。

U.S. Policy and Effects on the Decolonization of Indonesia

During the World War II, the U.S. tried to design a gradual way of decolonization for Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), but when the war ended Indonesian nationalist immediately established a strong republican regime. In the initial days after the Dutch-Indonesian war broke out the U.S. hoped to take a kind of non-intervention policy. While with the increasingly deteriorating situation in Indonesia, especially after the Madiun Rebellion was suppressed by the republican whose anti-communist inclination served the U.S. interests, but the persistence of the Dutch stubborn old-fashioned colonial policies collided with American interests in Southeast Asia, which made the U.S. officials reconsider their policy toward this region, and finally exert substantial pressure on the Dutch and promote the process of decolonization in Indonesia.