清代永定河筑堤对北京水环境的影响

为了防御善淤善决的永定河对北京城的洪水威胁,清代延续了金、元、明三朝在永定河沿岸筑堤的治水方略。康熙三十七年(1698)永定河的大规模筑堤及其以后的不断加固维修,在为京城减少洪水之虞的同时,也给北京地区的水环境带来了一系列变化。本文结合清代筑堤以来北京地区水环境变迁的重要史实,探讨永定河筑堤对于区域环境的深远影响,以期加深对历史上一些重大水利工程及其环境效应的反思。

The Impact of Yong Ding River Embankment Since Qing Dynasty over Beijing Water Environment

In order to reduce the flood threat of Yong Ding River which was easysilting and easy-dike-bursting,the government of Qing dynasty inherited the flood management strategy for embanking the river after Jin,Yuan and Ming dynasty.The large-scale embankment in the year 37 of Kangxi(1698),and the reinforcement and maintenance of the dike afterward has reduced the flood threat to the capital,but also brought a series of changes to the water environment of Beijing.By presenting the historical evidences of vicissitudinous water environment in Beijing area since embankment in Qing dynasty,this article draws a picture of the profound influence of the Yong Ding River embankment on the regional environment,therefore enhances the reconsideration for the impacts of some significant historical hydraulic engineering projects on the entire environment.