释胡适的"历史的文学进化观念"

胡适的文学思想对中国新文学的理论建设和创作实践,起了开路和奠基的作用,其据以立论的哲学基础是实用主义、科学进化主义以及中西文化、文学史比较研究的方法--由此奠定了他的文学观的第一块理论基石"历史的文学进化观念".他描述的"文学进化"的规律是语言形式的进化;不同民族文化、文学间的交流碰撞,促进了文学的发展.胡适与"重质轻文"的中国传统思维方式相反,更强调语言的变革对于文学发展的推动作用,这一观点极具实践价值.胡适文学思想的局限性是过分讲究"实用"而理论含量不足;过分强调向西方文学学习,而对本民族文学的独特性、具体性和丰富性的认识不足.

Interpretation of Hu Shi's "Historical Literary Evolutionism"

This paper tends to discuss the philosophical origin, theoretical frame, theoretical value and the limitations of HuShi's literary ideas. The philosophical foundation for HuShi to present his arguments was pragmatism, scientific evolutionism and the approach of a comparative study of Chinese and western cultures and literary histroies--which established the very first foundation stone:"The Historical literary Evolutationsm". The law of "literary evolutionism" HuShi decribed was: the evolution of language form; the exchange and collision of literature from different nations promoted the development of literature. Contrary to the Chinese tradetional way of thought--stress more on its content and less on its form, HuShi put more emphases on the promoting function of language reform to the development of literature. The limitations of his literary ideas are: over-emphasis on the "practical" side and lack of theoretical value; overemphasis to learn from the western literature and lack of recognition to the speciality, pecularity and the richness of our own nation's literature.