西汉儒家历史观述论

西汉儒家心目中的历史主要是政治史。他们一致认为 :历史变动不居 ,变动的历史之中又有“道”等不变者在 ,历史的变动有进、退、循环和盛衰交替等趋向 ,历史变动的形式有因革、禅让和武力征伐等 ;历史变动的原因有多种 ,其中 ,人的因素是主要的 ,而在人的因素中 ,西汉儒家突出地强调了君王和道德的支配作用 ,而君王和道德都是天意的呈现 ,因而 ,天意史观、君王史观、道德史观是西汉儒家最基本的历史观。

On Confucianists'''' Conception of History in Western Han Dynasty

In the eyes of Confucianists in Western Han Dynasty,history is the history of politics.They agree unanimously that history is changeable,though there are such unchangeable elements as “doctrines” existing in it.The tendencies of changes of history are advancing,retreating,cycling,and the replacement of prosperity and decline.In history ,to abdicate and hand over the crown to another person or to conquer by force of arms can result in changes.There are various reasons for these changes,too.People play an important part in these reasons,and in the element of people,the confucianists paid special emphasis on the controlling effect of kings and ethics.Traditionally kings and ethics are God’s will.Therefore,the confucianists’ conception of history is mainly the conception of God’s will,of kings,and of ethics.