东周文献对炎黄以前古史体系的构拟——兼论科学的中国古史体系重建的方法和理论

三皇合称始见于《周礼》，但最初三皇只是一种极笼统的总称或泛称，并无具体所指。直到北宋，三皇人物并未统一，统一的三皇古史体系尚未形成。从《左传》、《国语》等更早的东周文献，不难看出，汉人将祝融、共工纳入三皇古史体系，疑窦丛生，破绽百出。东周文献所记燧人氏、有巢氏、伏羲氏、女娲氏、神农氏的传说，明显具有人神不分、年代不明确、地点不固定、世系不清晰、史事自相矛盾等突出的特点，不可将其视为实录。然而结合考古学、民族学资料进行综合分析，则不难发现，东周文献所记三皇传说仍从一个侧面揭示出远古社会的某些真实可信的历史信息。由于东周文献和田野考古资料固有的复杂性，依靠田野考古资料和传统文献记载，试图重建中国上古时期尤其是远古时期的古史体系，迄今还面临着诸多难以克服的困难。徐中舒先生开创并积极实践的，将文献记载、考古学材料和民族学资料有机结合的“古史三重证”法，对于科学的中国古史体系的重建具有重要的方法论意义。

The Imagination of Ancient History System before Chop and Glory in Eastern Zhou Dynasty Literature--The Discussion of Restablishing the Ancient History System with Scientific Theory and Means

The Three August Ones were first combined in Zhouli,but The Three August Ones were just an ambiguous address without specific content at first. The ancient history system had not formed until Noerthern Song Dynasty. It was not hard to see that the Han put ZhuRong and GongGong on the ancient history system was full of flaws in the earlier literature in Eastern Zhou liked Zuo Commentary and Guoyu. The stories about SuiRen, YouChao, FuXi, NvWa and ShenNong which clearly had prominent feature liked Age uncertain,place uncertain, pedigree out of focus and self-contradictory couldn''t been considered as true. But it was easy to see that The Three August Ones in Eastern Zhou Dynasty literature also exposed some authentic historical message from indirect sources. Because of the complexity of the archaeological materials and Eastern Zhou Dynasty literature, it was difficult to reestablish the the ancient history system. The Triple evidence method combined documents, archaeological materials and ethnological materials which was first created and used by Mr XuZhongshu is very important for reestablishing the ancient history system.