从两个必然到两个绝不会——基于《共产党宣言》到《〈政治经济学批判〉序言》文献群视角

马克思超越带有应然逻辑色彩的两个必然,做出体露为实然辩证法的两个绝不会这一判断时,才形成成熟的历史唯物主义理论。《共产党宣言》中亮出的两个必然(作为对1848年以前思想的总结),表明马克思的哲学已经达到广义历史唯物主义层面,但源于特定历史时段的资本主义必然灭亡这一多少带有点泛化的判断,在1848年革命后被马克思自己所颠覆,从而在《〈政治经济学批判〉序言》中提出两个绝不会的判断;做到这一点的条件是,马克思从历史和现实的层面,既揭示资本主义社会发展的主动轮资本所涵盖的巨大的历史时空维度,又发现了工人身上的观念拜物教,以及将主体向度和客体向度融为一体。

From "the Two Necessities" to "the Two Absolute Non-possibilities"——Perspective Based on the Literature Group from Communist Manifesto to The Preface to the Critique of Political Economy

This thesis argues that Karl Marx realizes the theories of Historical Materialism maturely,just while he transcends "the Two Necessities",which is presented as the logic of inevitability,and makes the judgment of "the Two Absolute Non-possibilities",which is incarnated with the dialectics of reality.This argument is on grounds that "the Two Necessities" that is declared in Communist Manifesto(as a conclusion of the notion pre-1848) shows the philosophy of Marx has reached the level of Historical Materialism generally;however,the more or less general judgment that capitalism will doom inevitably resulted from a specific history stage is overthrown by Marx himself after the 1848 Revolution,and as a result he brings forward the notion of "the two Absolute Non-possibilities" in The Preface to the Critique of Political Economy.The prerequisites to come to this point are that not only Marx reveals the fulcrum of capital which covers a huge history-Spatiotemporal dimension,but also he finds the totem of notion over the bodies of workers,and integrates the dimension of subject with that of object.This thesis insists that the continuous framework of theory which is read from the texts of Marx reflects the meaning of the worth-retrospect theory mirroring while we study the thinking path of Marx in the particular history vision at present.