人口流动状态下村委会职能的实施困境

运用实证调查和系统分析方法研究农村人口流动状态下村委会职能实施所面临的各种困境。分析认为，人口流出使村委会在组织上出现“人才流失”与“水平下降”；在空心化背景下，村委会实行民主管理时，遭遇“人气不足”与“兴致不高”；人口流入可能使农村出现“管理无序”与“参与不能”。对此，很多地方试图通过村组合并方式实现对空心化农村的治理，但往往导致“得形失意”与“实现困难”窘境。分析结果表明，针对空心化问题，村委会应由“积极型自治”转变为“自我服务型自治”；针对人口流入，立法上应该缩小村委会属人主义职能的管理范围，扩大属地主义职能的管理范围。

Implementary predicaments for functions of villagers committee in population mobility

In order to study various predicaments during implementing the functions of villagers committee, this paper researches the influence of rural population outmigration and immigration on the work of villagers committee by applying empirical survey method and systematic analytical method. The analysis holds that population outmigration results in ＂brain drain＂ and ＂decline in the level＂ of the organization of villagers committee. In the background of ＂hollowing out＂ population, villagers are often absent from democratic management and show low interest. ＂Non-involvement＂ and ＂disorder management＂ emerge among the population immigration. For these reasons, people in many places try to achieve ＂hollowing out＂ rural governance by combining villagers committee. Although, it can create a new form it is hard to achieve expected effects. To overcome the above predicament, it is suggested that villagers committee should be transformed into ＂self-service autonomy＂ from ＂active autonomy＂. In term of population immigration, legislation should be laid down to narrow the personalist functions of villagers committee and extend its territorialist functions.