伊藤仁斋的德本主义

德本主义是伊藤仁斋全部哲学思想的核心和精髓，通过它可以管窥仁斋创立的古义学。在仁斋看来，德是万善之源，是人生存之必须，对此他身体力行，在历史上留下了“道德家”的美名。仁斋的德本主义体现在人性论、政治论和教育论三个方面。其中人性论是基础，仁斋坚信人性有善的潜能，但是需要存养才能最终实现道德；在政治论中，仁斋崇尚王道，贬斥霸道，认为人类可以通过自身努力实现王道政治；在教育论中，仁斋认为教育的目标在于道德。

On It Jinsais Virture-based Theory

The theory of virtue, which is the core idea and essence of Itō Jinsai’s whole philosophical doctrine, could be used as the effective way to approach Ancient Learning School. In Jinsai’s opinion, virtue is considered as the origin of all sorts of goodness and the necessary thing for people’s life. For this reason he learned it and put it into practice, which was given a well-known name as a moralist. Jinsai’s theory of virtue could be expressed in the following three aspects: human nature, politics, and education. Among these three, human nature is regarded as the foundation and Jinsai insists that everyone has the potential of goodness, but finally the accumulation of virtue can be realized by peoples’ keeping and cultivating. Besides, on politics, Jinsai prefers king craft to tyrant and believes that it is possible for people to achieve king craft by their own efforts. Last but not least, concerning the aspect of education, Jinsai argues that the aim of education lies in cultivating virtue