论清朝统一新疆对新疆民族关系的影响

清朝统一新疆以后，逐渐以民族“大一统”观念取代了以往的“华夷之辨”。同时在吸收借鉴历代封建王朝统治众多少数民族的经验教训的基础上，继承和发展元明以来较为开明的民族政策的同时，又因地制宜地采取了一系列具有当地当时特点的民族政策，使其深入人心。虽然其民族政策具有以满族统治者的民族利益为最根本、在维吾尔族聚集的南疆地区实行汉回隔离政策等局限性，但从总的方面来讲，是加强了新疆诸族与内地以汉族为主的各民族之间的关系，密切了新疆各族人民之间的关系，以及有效地抵御了外来侵略。

Influences of the Unification of Xinjiang on Ethnic Relations in the Qing Dynasty

After the unification of Xinjiang in the mid 18th century, the Qing Dynasty, on the basis of the experiences of governing ethnic minorities over the past dynasties, carried on and developed the relative enlightened policies on nationality in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and adopted a series of favorable national policies in accordance with the local conditions. The Central Government managed to get them rooted. Although they were based on the fundamental interests of the Manchurian rulers, and the segregation policy between the Han Chinese and the Uyghur people was carried out in southern Xinjiang, these policies, on the whole, strengthened the links between the various ethnic groups in Xinjiang and the inland dominated by the Han people, and a closer relationship between the various ethnic groups in Xinjiang, which effectively helped to guard against foreign invasions. However, these policies prevented, to a degree, the formation of Chinese national consciousness by the Uyghur people in modern times.