当代分析哲学的最新发展

当代英美分析哲学有了很大的发展。分析哲学家对分析哲学的性质、任务以及范围等关键问题作出了新的理解,强调分析哲学作为一种方法、风格、路数的重要性;他们重新关注哲学史,力图从传统哲学资源中寻找自己思想的出发点;其研究兴趣则从意义和指称问题转向了人类心灵问题,导致了心灵哲学研究的转向。心灵哲学根据认知科学的基本假设,通过与计算机的功能类比,去观察和说明心灵的活动,这导致了心灵哲学中的行为主义和功能主义;同时,它更倾向于采取唯物主义方式处理身心问题以及心灵与世界的关系问题。

New Developments in Contemporary Analytic Philosophy

New developments have emerged in contemporary analytic philosophy (AP) in Britain and the US. New interpretations are proposed for the nature, tasks and scope of AP, and the importance of AP as a method, style, and approach is emphasized. Analytic philosophers turn their attention again to history and try to seek their theoretical origins in traditional philosophies. Their research interest switches from meaning and reference to human mind, bringing about a turn of the philosophy of mind, which seeks to understand mental activities on the basis of hypotheses in cognitive science, which are applied in analogy with functions of computers. This leads to behaviorism and functionalism in the philosophy of mind. Meanwhile AP tends to approach such issues as the relations of mind and body and the relations of mind and environment from the perspective of materialism.