修昔底德斯和平思想初探

古代希腊的历史学家修昔底德斯在其所著《伯罗奔尼撒战争》中以大量的事实阐述了和平的种种好处和战争的种种弊端。修昔底德斯身为雅典权贵和统治阶级上层的一员 ,他是战前和平时代的受益者 ,也是雅典对外扩张战争的受益者。因此 ,他以雅典人的实际利益为指归 ,时而主战 ,时而主和 ,对于雅典统治者的穷兵黩武和侵略扩张并不笼统地加以反对 ;然而他又是战争的受害者 ,对和平有着强烈的祈盼、深刻的见地。修氏的这一悖论植根于奴隶制时代 ,是其和平思想精华与缺弊共存的根源

To Explore Preliminarily Thucydides' Thought of Peace

Thucydides, the ancient Greek historian, expounded the advantages of peace and disadvantages of war in his history of the Peloponesian War. As an aristocrat and a member of the ruling class in Athenian State, he benefited from the peace before the war and also from the Athenians' aggression and expansion. Therefore, no matter what he advocated peace or war now and then was only for the Athenians' benefits, and in fact he did not object to Athenian policy of aggression and expansion in general terms. However, he was also the victim of the war, so he held a strong wish and deep|going idea on peace. Rooted in the slavery times, the Thucydides' thought of peace was a paradox, and it inevitably had some cream and defects.