财产性收入的再分配探讨——基于个体收入再分配偏好的实验经济研究

财产性收入已成为加剧中国社会贫富差距的重要因素,相关税收是对此进行调节的核心手段,因而再分配率如何设定和政策是否有效变得非常关键.文章以微观个体为出发点,将财产性收入差异以资本生产率的形式加以体现,同时强调高收入阶层通常享有更多的社会决策影响力,即其再分配偏好会得到更多重视,由此设计了对应的经济学实验.研究发现,引入差异化权重的模型不仅能够更好地解释实验中观察到的行为,而且也为中国财产性收入再分配政策的实施效果欠佳提供了一种可能的解释,即过度重视高收入阶层的诉求,也会使中国实际征收的税率过低.较低的再分配率不仅难以调节日益扩大的收入差距,而且会将负担更多地落在普通工薪阶层身上.当然,公平与效率的矛盾依然存在,过高的再分配率会抑制社会资本的总产出.

Redistribution policy design of property income: An experimental study based on preference for redistribution

Property income has become a significant factor to widen the gap between the rich and the poor in China. As one of the main redistributive tools,tax policy of the property income should be designed effectively to readjust excessively high individual income. This paper innovatively introduces personal capital productivity to describe the capital accumulation of different people and corresponding potentials of capital gain. Meanwhile,this paper uses political inequality to reinvestigate the Meltzer-Richard model of equilibrium tax rates,and develops a theory that links higher capital productivities to higher social status using one privileged and one non-privileged group as examples. The experiment varies the converting rules used to decide the implemented tax rate. We find that our revised model fits the data better and conforms to the external validity better. This paper provides a possible explanation for the failure of the current redistributive policies. Overweighting the demand of the privileged group will lead to lower property income tax rate,which is in contrast to the policy intention. However,there is also a tradeoff between fairness and efficiency,higher tax rate reduces the overall capital output.