从清末民初科学小说新词语看"现代性"新词语的来源和发展——兼论"标志性子词语场"理论和"现代汉语词汇史"的起点

“新词语”在词汇史研究中是一个重要概念。新词语实际指新义位。为新概念造词是新词,旧词产生新义位也是新词。旧义位的新用法有的能产生新词,有的不能。新词语是一个时期所特有的,是一个共时概念。一个时期的新词语系统是标志性子词语场,是与上一时期区别的标志,是划分词汇史的标准。而“基本词汇”由于它的稳固性、普遍性、能产性,它是词语最底层不易变化的成分,因而不宜于作划分词汇史时代的标准。现代汉语中反映新文化、新科学技术、新社会、新经济、新生活的词语系统产生于明末清初,所以现代汉语词汇史的起点在明末清初。

The Origin and Development of "Modern" Neologisms as Seen from New Scientific Terminologies in New Novels of the Period from Late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

"Neologism" is an important concept in the research of lexical history.Neologisms are in fact new sememes.New words coined for new concepts are neologisms,new sememes made from old words are also neologisms.The new usage of an old sememe may or may not be a neologism.Neologisms are the products of a specific period and it is a synchronic concept.The new lexical system of a period is the indexical expression field.It is the index between this and the last period.It is the index of the division of the Lexical History.And the basic lexis is difficult to change because of its stability,generality and productivity.It is not appropriate to be the index of the division of the Lexical History.The lexical system about new culture,new science and technology,new society,new economy and new life in Modern Chinese emerged in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty.So the beginning of the Modern Chinese Lexis is the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty.