中日两国人名、称谓文化考

姓名是个人与社会联系的纽带，是个人在社会上存在的一种证明。称谓是以本人为轴心确定亲属以及非亲属与本人关系的标志。无论是在中国还是在日本，姓名和称谓对于人们来说都有着非常重要的意义。但是，由于两国的历史文化以及价值取向不同，导致了两国人民在对姓名及称谓的认知不尽相同。中国古代在名字的使用上有避讳的制度。在言谈和书写时，遇到君父长上的名字一律要回避。取名时也不能取他们的名字中有的或同音的字。这一习俗在亲属称谓以及社会称谓习俗上也留有烙印。从文化对比的角度，以人名的避讳为切入口，分析中日两国的姓名及称谓的特征和差异以及所产生的原因。这一研究有助于我们对中日两国的姓名及称谓有一个更加系统的认识，对中日两国的社会、传统文化有更加深入的了解。

A Cultural Perspective on Chinese and Japanese Names and Address Terms

The name is the bond between an individual and the society,and it also is a proof of personal existence.Address terms mark and identify the relationship between the speaker and his or her relatives or other speakers.Therefore,they are of great significance both in China and Japan.Since the value orientation and culture are quite different,the cognition of names and address terms are not the same by Chinese and Japanese people.Naming taboo is common in ancient China:names of the emperor,ancestors and respected people should be avoided speech or writing,characters or even homophonies of their names should not be used when naming a child.This social convention is imprinted on kinship,social addresses and appellation.From the perspective of cultural comparison,this article analyses the features,differences and causes between Chinese and Japanese names and address terms.The research is conducive to a systemic understanding of names and address terms both in China and Japan,which facilitates a deep comprehension of Chinese and Japanese social,traditional cultures.