“生态福利”的法学蕴涵及其学理证成

生态福利是生态危机时代公民的生态利益普遍缺乏法律保障的背景下提出的新型权利概念，是因居民生存和发展需要，由政府提供的以生态利益为内容的公共利益。生态福利符合权利的基本特征，它既是从生命健康权延伸出来的公民基本人格权利，又是从公民环境权分化出来的公民基本环境权利，是一种新型的应受法律保护的正当利益。对环境整体价值保护必然要求生态福利的权利化，对社会主体生态福利的法律保障是环境公平的合理内核，生态福利是法律调整生态利益冲突的直接结果，各国的环境司法实践也彰显了生态福利是环境法益的重要内容。

The Implication and Legal Justification of Ecological Welfare

Ecological welfare was proposed due to the lack of legal safeguard for public ecological interest. Governments offer ecological welfare as a benefit to meet public living needs and societal development requirements. In conformity with the basic characteristics of legal rights, ecological welfare takes a new form of legal interest. It is not only a pure moral interest stemming from public health, but it is also a new type of human right resulting from public ecological right that needs legal protection. To facilitate the protection of ecological system, transformation of ecological welfare into right and guaranteeing public ecological welfare are both required, which has been proved crucial by practice across the world.