祈使句的构成、预设及恰当性

本文从深层结构着眼 ,在阐述祈使句构成的四要素及各自语用特征的基础上 ,着重分析祈使句的预设和恰当性。祈使句本身通常没有真假 ,但存在是否有意义的区别 ,预设的真是确保祈使句有意义的充分必要条件。有意义的祈使句仅为实现祈使目的提供了一种可能 ,要使这种可能成为现实 ,还必须满足在表达上的恰当性要求。

Composition,Presupposition and appropriateness of Chinese Imperative Sentences

By explaining the four factors forming imperative sentences and their pragmatic characters, this paper analyzes the presupposition and appropriateness of imperative sentences in deep structure. Imperative sentences themselves have no trueness or falseness, but they have different cases in which they are meaningful or not. The trueness of presupposition is the sufficient and necessary condition which assures the meaningfulness of imperative sentences. Meaningfulness only provides a possibility to realize imperative intention. To turn the possibility into reality, it is necessary to satisfy the need of appropriateness in expression.