略论藏族神山崇拜的文化特征及功能

神山崇拜作为远古藏族祖先的信仰方式,经历了从原生型苯教到雍仲苯教再到藏传佛教的发展阶段。其间,佛教和苯教都采纳了神山崇拜这一信仰方式。由此,神山崇拜从“自然宗教”过渡到了“伦理宗教”的形态。在这漫长的演变过程中,相应地衍生出了一套独特的祭祀方式,这种祭祀方式逐渐地向民间扩展并不断规范化,又使它超出了宗教信仰的范围,具有了民俗文化的性质、特色和功能。

A Brief Treatise of the Cultural Feature and Function of Holy Mountain Worship in Tibet

As a manner of belief of Tibetan ancestors,holy mountain worship had experienced three periods: Bon Buddhism,Jyunj-Drund Bon and Tibetan Buddhism. Among them,Buddhism and Bon both took the manner of holy mountain worship.From then on,worshipping the holy mountains transferred from 'natural religion' to 'ethic religion'.In the long course of evolution,a set of unique manner of sacrifice was accordingly derived.The spreading to the ordinary people and standardization of the manner made it go beyond the range of religion and was endowed with the character and function of folk-custom.