泰西、海东文献所见洪武韵以及明清官话

15至18世纪,朝鲜、日本以及西方的汉语学家在编纂汉语辞书时,对洪武韵都采取了尊而不依,敬而不从的策略,他们除对当时的汉语官话作了文字描述以外,还分别用谚文字母、假名和罗马字标注了他们各自所认知的汉字官话正音,为我们今天研究明清官话留下了丰富的文献资料.通过梳理这些资料可知,自洪武韵问世至18世纪中叶,官话一直以南京音为则,然而,由于朝廷移都北京,使得官话逐渐受北音影响,分离出两个语音标准.一个仍以南京音为基础,而另一个以北京音为基准.南京音正统,北京音则通行于朝廷.

Hongwu Rhyme and Chinese Mandarin Described in European,Korean and Japanese Literatures of the 15th-18th Century

From 15th to 18th centuries,when Korean,Japanese and European linguists compiled Chinese dictionaries,all of them adopted a strategy of respecting the Hongwu Rhyme without employing it. In their books,they not only described the status of Chinese Mandarin,but also labeled the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese characters by Hangeul,Kana and Latin letters respectively,which left us rich sources of literature to study Mandarin in Ming and Qing Dynasties. These literatures have revealed that Nanjing Dialect had...