中华民族自觉的最初形态与步骤探析

甲午战争后,中华民族开始产生自觉意识。在中国传统的种族意识和西方种族进化理论影响下,中华民族自觉首先表现为“种族”自觉的形态。对西方民族国家的理论和模式的探索使中华民族精英试图用民族自觉来置换种族自觉,却出现民族共同体认同的分化局面。最后通过对中华民族一体的历史传统和现代命运的体认和反思才确立中华民族一体自觉。这一曲折的自觉进程凸显了中华民族结构的独特性和中华民族一体认同的历史趋势和时代趋势。

A Probe to the Primary Form and the Process of Chinese National Self-consciousness

After the War of Jiawu,the Chinese Nation began to have self-consciousness.Under the influence of traditional Chinese racial awareness and the western evolution theory,the self-consciousness was first shown as the 'racial' self-consciousness.Probing into western model and theory made the Chinese talents tried to change the national self-consciousness into ethnic self-consciousness,but a differentiation appeared toward national community recognition.Finally,the Chinese national self-consciousness was established after the recognition of the historical tradition and the modern fate of the Chinese nation.This devious process of self-consciousness protruded the uniqueness of the structure of Chinese nation and the historical and epoch trend of the Chinese national recognition.