马克思宗教本质观的六种解读之辨析

由于忽视了马克思哲学语境的变化和对宗教本质、属性、功能的混淆,人们对马克思的宗教本质观产生了种种误读,其中,宗教非理性说、宗教异化幻觉说、宗教意识形态说、宗教鸦片说、宗教文化论最有代表性。根据马克思的论述并借用恩格斯的概括,可以说,宗教是人间力量的超人间形式。与其他文化形式相比较,宗教最直观、最鲜明的特征就是其超验性。这是对马克思宗教本质观的准确把握。

Exploration into the Six Interpretations of the Nature of Marxist Religion

Due to the neglect of the change of Marxist philosophical context and the confusion of the nature, attribute and function, nature of Marxist religion is misunderstood. Theories of religious ir?rationalism, religious alienated illusion, religious ideology, religious opium and religious culture are the most representative. According to Marxist discussion and Engels’summary, religion is a kind of power transcending the world. Compared with other cultural pattern, the most direct and unique char?acter of religion is its transcendence. This is the correct grasp of the nature of Marxist religion.