民国时期红卍字会临时慈业的运作与效能——以战事和灾荒网络社会救助为中心的考察

红卍字会是民国时期重要的以绅商为主体的社会救助团体，其临时慈业的典型模式是战事和灾荒网络社会救助。红卍字会临时慈业一方面救助了危难中的伤兵、灾民，减轻了政府负担；一方面使红卍字会达到了谋求合法地位，推动自身事业发展的目的。红卍字会临时慈业实质上表明了民国时期以道院信仰整合的绅商，承担起了天灾人祸的社会救助使命，其间他们所展示的能力充分说明了民国绅商社会救助的实力。

The Operation and Function of the Red Swastika Society's Temporary Philanthropic Enterprise

The Red Swastika,which originated from Daoyuan,was an important religious social aid organization in the Republic of China.The network of relief against war and famine was the typical pattern of the temporary philanthropic enterprise of Red Swastika Society.For the relief work,the Red Swastika usually had specialized agencies.The branches were the nodes on the network which took charge of receiving and sending messages,raising and transporting relief supplies,and implementing the fixed-pointed relief.The Re...