城市土地年租制权属问题探析

在寻求城市土地有偿使用的多种实现形式的改革实践中 ,城市土地年租制已逐渐成为现实而有效的选择。城市土地年租制是一种以长期契约为基础的土地有偿使用模式。目前 ,土地经济理论界尚未就土地年租制的权属问题达成共识 ,从而影响到其在全国范围内的推广。笔者认为 ,土地承租人以年租方式取得的土地使用权是物权和债权的统一 ,其中物权处于决定性的地位。以长期契约为前提 ,按年度缴付租金的过程事实上意味着债权向物权的逐步转化。同时 ,为在此过程中确保所有者权益 ,有必要建立起完善的城市土地年租制权利的保障机制。

An inquiry into the rights of annual renters of urban land

The annual rent of urban land is an effective way for compensating the use of urban land on the basis of a long-term contract. It is a new idea but not widely known yet because the "land economic circles" could not reach unanimity of opinion on the rights of annual renters of urban land. The right of use in the annual rental year is the unity of real right and credit, with the real right on a decisive position. Actually, on the basis of a long-term contract, credit can be gradually turned into real rights when the tenant pays for land rent year by year. Furthermore, it is necessary to set up a perfect guarantee mechanism of annual land rent to ensure the rights of the owner.