20世纪:历史环境与社会主义

在20世纪东西交汇、整体而不平衡的世界历史发展中，突显出了马克思论述的"历史环境"的重大作用。历史环境作为社会发展的新的决定性要素与生产力、生产关系三位一体，成为考察20世纪社会主义产生和发展的理论原则。按照马克思主义基本原理，决定社会发展的根本动因在于生产力与生产关系的矛盾运动，在考虑到历史环境这个变数后，不同的历史环境、生产力与生产关系的构成方式就不同，或者说生产关系与生产力适应的形式也就不同。20世纪社会主义在落后的东方社会得到了实现，尤其是俄国、中国对社会主义道路的历史选择以及这种选择的必然性和合理性，均可由此得到说明。

The Historical Environment and Socialism in the 20 th Century

The historical environment , discussed by Karl Marx , played an outstanding role in the 20 th century when the unbalanced world history was developing jointly. The historical environment, together with the productive forces and production relations,which determines the development of society , has now become a new theoretical principle to explain socialism and its development in the 20th century . Based on Marxist theory that social development is determined by the interaction of productive forces and production relations, with regard to the variety of historical environment, different historical environment accounts for different formations of productive forces and production relations . That's why socialism could become true in the backward and undeveloped East, especially in Russia and China where the socialist road has been a sensible and justified historic choice .