明清陕西关中书院与科举制度

关中书院是明清两代陕西地方最高学府,在西北地区乃至全国都享有盛誉。明神宗万历三十七年（1609年）,由陕西著名学者冯从吾创办,清光绪二十九年（1903年）书院改为师范学堂。数百年间,关中书院秉承宋元书院之遗风,先后有冯从吾、孙景烈、李颙等大理学家于此教授,他们以昌明关学为己任,以讲求性理为宗旨,主张＂明体适用＂。同时,科举成就斐然。关中之乡试、府试的考举之士,多为此书院之生员,并培养出清代陕西惟一的状元王杰。此外,西北奇才于右任、关中大儒牛兆濂、教育家刘古愚等也曾就学于关中书院。关中书院为陕西文化教育的发展和社会进步做出了重要贡献。

Guan Zhong College and the Imperial Examination in Ming and Qing Dynasty

Guan Zhong College is the highest seat of learning in Shanxi province during Ming and Qing Dynasty.It enjoys a high reputation in the northwest part even the whole country.Established by the famous scholar Feng Congwu on the thirty-seventh year of Wan Li,Ming Shen Zong（1609）,the college was changed into normal school on the twenty-ninth year of Guang Xu,Qing（1903）.Over hundreds of years,Guan Zhong College held the relique of colleges in Song and Yuan Dynasty in which some famous neo-Confucians such as Feng Congwu,Sun Jinglie and Li Yong taught,considering it as their responsibility to spread Ming Guan knowledge and their aim was to seek the truth and stood for ＂something suitable for the times.＂ At the same time,imperial examination gained brilliant achievements.The majority of people who came to take the provincial examination and higher examination were the students of this college.Moreover,Guan Zhong College also developed the only Number One Scholar of Shan Xi province in Qing Dynasty,named Wang Jie.In addition,the wizards of northwest Yu Youren,the Guan Zhong scholar Niu Zhaolian,educationalist Liu Guyu etc.were also taught in Guan Zhong College.Guan Zhong College makes a great contribution to the development of cultural education and the social progress for Shan Xi.