充分就业状态及其发展陷阱

人力资源配置效率高低的根本标志就是就业或失业程度,国际主流经济学把充分就业定义为消灭了非自愿失业的就业状态。市场供求规律调节和市场经济所特有的人口规律发挥作用的必然结果,就是供过于求的劳动力作为失业人口而存在,这是一切市场经济的常态。失业人口流动是市场经济高效率运行的根本原因所在。充分就业作为当今世界各国普遍追求的最优发展状态,归根结底是有利于人的发展的。入世后并正处在社会转型期的现代中国,仍然存在传统非效率就业的巨大路径依赖性,因此应尽快走出"充分就业陷阱"。

The Sufficient Employment and Its Developmental Trap

The efficiency of deploying human resources is ultimately evaluated by the degree of employment or unemployment. The international mainstream economics defines the sufficient employment as the employment free from involuntary unemployment. The regulation of the law of supply and demand and the law of population peculiar to the market economy inevitably leads to the existence of oversupplied labor force as unemployed populace, which is the normal state of the market economy. The fact that the market economy can efficiently operate is fundamentally due to the flowing of unemployed population. The sufficient employment, as the best developmental state that each country currently pursues, is ultimately beneficial to the development of mankind. China, after entering the World Trade Organization and standing in the period of transition, still largely depends on the traditional inefficient employment, therefore, it is desirable that China walk out of the developmental trap of the sufficient employment as soon as possible.