陇南白马人“池哥昼”与“黑社火”比较研究

陇南白马人的“池哥昼”是一种带有巫术和宗教性质的“面具舞”，但具有社火的本体特征，并符合社火的原始文化含义。陇南的民间“黑社火”以丰富多姿的花灯为主，突出“灯火”的视觉效果，保留着古老的“土地”祭祀仪式。将二者进行比较后可发现，陇南民间“黑社火”与白马人“池哥昼”都体现了对“土地”的祭祀与对“火”的崇拜，总体上都符合社火的本体含义，二者在演出时间、宗教信仰和仪式、组织形式、表演内容和艺术风格等方面均体现出许多相似性。在长期的民族融合过程中，陇南的民间“黑社火”深受氐族文化艺术尤其是白马人“池哥昼”的深刻影响，具有较鲜明的古老氐族文化特征，其中部分表演节目应源于“池哥昼”。

A Study on the Relationship between Chigezhou and Night Traditional Festivities of Baima People in Longnan

The＂ Chigezhou＂ of Loognan Baima People was a kind of ＂mask dance＂ with witchcraft and religious nature, but it has the ontological characteristics of traditional Festivities and accords with original culture meaning of traditional Festivities. The ＂Night Traditional Festivities＂ of Longnan is mainly featured by rich colorful festival lanterns with strong visual effect of lanterns, retaining ancient sacrificial ceremony for ＂Land＂. A comparison of ＂Night Traditional Festivities＂ with ＂Chigezhou＂ of Longnan Baima People, we can see that both embodied sacrificial ceremony for ＂Land＂ and ＂Fire＂ worship, and are generally in line with ontological meaning of traditional festivities. There are some similarities in show time, religious belief, organization, performance contents, artistic style and etc. The Traditional Festivities of Longnan was affected by ＂Chigezhou＂ of Baima People of ＂Dizu＂ culture in the processing of Long-term national fusion, and has distinct ancient ＂Dizu＂ culture characteristics, some performance programs originated from ＂Chigezhou＂.