关于地理环境决定论及其反思

在中外生态思想史上，地理环境决定论由来已久，可追溯到西方古希腊时期和中国的先秦时期。其中亚里士多德、孟德斯鸠、黑格尔、普列汉诺夫等人的观点值得关注。他们对此有着不同的论述，例如孟德斯鸠重视气候因素，普列汉诺夫重视生产力因素。对于环境决定论，学者们虽有着不同的看法，但各有其合理性。通过梳理地理环境决定论的发展史，我们才能对这一问题获得更好的理解。在生态危机全球化的当代，自觉关注经济社会发展的地理环境特别是生态因素不仅必要而且紧迫。

On Geographic Environmental Determinism and Its Reflections

Geographic environmental determinism of the ecological intellectual history in China and foreign countries can be traced back to ancient Greek of western world and the pre-Qin period of China. The ideas of Aristotle,Montesquieu,Hegel,Plekhanov in geographic environmental determinism domain deserve attention. Their viewpoints on geographic environmental determinism were different. Montesquieu attached importance to climatic factor,while Plekhanov paid attention to productivity factor. Scholars have different views about geographic environmental determinism,but each has its rationality. By reviewing the history of geographic environmental determinism,we can get a better understanding on this issue. In the contemporary global ecological crisis,we should consciously focus on economic and social development of the geographical environment,especially the ecological factors,which are not only necessary but also urgent.