兵农合一全民皆兵——越国军事制度初探

越国兴起于春秋晚期,从一个小诸侯国到最终灭吴称霸,其发展壮大的原因除了越国实行的一系列政治经济制度的改革外,还应归功于军事制度改革的成功。越国实行“全民皆兵”,“兵农合一”的兵役制,而这种兵役制得以实施的经济基础是勾践推行的国家授田制。越国在军事编制上设有三军,兵种则包括水军,步兵,禁卫军,后勤保障以及地方兵等。此外,越国推行严格的军事纪律,有较为完备的赏惩条例,加强了军队的战斗力。综合来看,勾践时期越国的军事制度在其所处的时代而言是相当完备的,越国的军事制度是成就其后来称霸的重要条件之一。

On vassal state of Yue`s military system

In the late Mid-Autumn Period,the vassal state of Yue State rose from a small state to a country dominating the south China.In addition to its development and growth of political and economic system reform,the success should also be attributed to the reform of the military system.: the vassal state of Yue's armed forces with the military establishment,the military services including navy,infantry,guards,soldiers and local logistical support.In addition,more countries implemented strict military disciplines,and had a more complete appreciation of Correctional Ordinance,so as to strengthen the army's combat strength.In general,the military system in the reign of Goujian of Yue State was quite comprehensive as far as the times was concerned,which contributed to its domination in later times.