城乡困难家庭的求助网络及其政策启示

文章使用“城乡困难家庭调查”2014年跟踪数据，对我国城乡困难家庭的求助网络结构和家庭因素进行分析，发现：血缘和亲缘关系仍是我国城乡困难家庭最天然的帮扶网络，但官方社会救助系统的作用已超过民间系统，邻里朋友仅在血亲和官方系统失灵时起补充作用；基层治理结构对求助网络的城乡差异产生影响，流动人口家庭求助网络呈现多元均衡的特征，但面临官方救助系统的制度性缺失；人口规模、低保资格两个家庭因素对城乡困难家庭求助网络有显著影响。文章认为，应进一步发挥社会力量的作用，针对我国城乡困难家庭建立官民并举、多元协作的社会救助政策体系。

The Help-seeking Networks of the Poor Families and Its Policy Implication in China

The traditional kinship is still the most natural and fundamental help provider, the official social assistance system plays a more important role than civil system in helping the poor families in contemporary China, while neighborhood and friend play a complementary role when the kinship and official system fail. The different urban?rural governance structures at grassroots level lead to different help?seeking networks of the poor families, and the help?seeking networks of migrant families are relatively more diverse and balanced, but to some extent they are excluded or ignored by official social assistance system. Among the family factors, family size and the qualification of receiving minimum living allowance have significant effect on the structures of the help?seeking networks of the poor families both in urban and rural areas. The social assistance system in China should combine official and private sectors, introduce diverse collaboration, and encourage shared responsibility.