晚清至五四时期出国留学潮的特点及影响

近代以来中国人大规模出国留学始于鸦片战争以后的晚清，就其学习目的而言，主要是想通过学习西方的先进科学技术知识和先进的社会制度来改变中国贫穷落后的面貌，走上富国强兵之路；就学习内容而言，先是主要学习西方造枪炮、造船技术和练兵之法，其后主要学习西方的社会政治制度；就学习对象而言，先是以欧美作为留学的主要目的地，后由于日本的成功，因而日本又成了留学的主要目的地。晚清时期的出国留学潮使中国人第一次认识到学习西方先进科学技术知识和社会制度的必要性和重要性，从而大大推动了中国的近代化进程。

The Characteristics and Influences on the Boom of Studying Abroad in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic

The boom of studying abroad began in the wake of the First Opium War,with the main purpose of going abroad as learning the latest science and technology and advanced social system in the hope of changing the backward poverty-stricken China into a wealthy and powerful nation.The learning subject was to study the skills on making guns and ships and the methods of training soldiers first,and then the western social and political system.At first,the destinations for the students were USA or European countries,and then the success of Japan turned that country into the chief destination.The boom of studying abroad made Chinese realize for the first time the necessity and importance of learning the advanced technology and social system and pushed the process of the modernization in China.