中国古代赈灾研究——以湖南为例

中国古代每遇自然灾害,社会动荡不安,统治者为维护政权长治久安,不能不对灾民加以赈济安抚。古代赈灾类型从灾因上分为水灾赈济、旱灾赈济、虫灾赈济、疫灾赈济;从赈源上分为朝赈、官赈、民赈;从施赈方式上分为急赈、蠲缓、平粜、工赈。尽管各种赈济方式均存在弊端,但对救民于垂危还是颇有成效的。

An Investigation of the Relief System in China: Taking Hunan as a Case Study

It was recorded that natural disasters always resulted in social riots in ancient China. Confronted with it, the rulers had to provide relies to the victims of flood, drought, locust and epidemic so as to strengthen their government. By the origin of aids, the relieves consisted of court relief, official relief, populace relief; by the ways of relieving, the gratuitous aids, free tax system or tax decreasing, lowering the prices, job offering or relief fund were included. Although the relief system had disadvantages and defects, it benefited the victims effectively to some extend.