论美国法中的知情同意原则及我国的立法思考

基于对患者自主权和自我决定权的尊重,美国法要求医师在实施医疗干预措施前必须向患者尽充分的信息披露义务,向患者披露一位理性的患者意欲了解的对患者的医疗决定具有实质性(决定性影响)的风险和信息,除非存在紧急情形、医疗特权和权利放弃的例外情形。如果医方违反知情同意原则,患者可在医疗侵权损害赔偿制度下获得救济。探讨了美国医学法中知情同意原则的法理根据、医师的信息披露义务、患者为保护知情同意权可供选择的诉因和救济途径,分析了美国法的司法和立法实践对我国的启示,并对我国的相关立法进行了思考。

Principle of Informed Consent in American Law and Speculation on Legislation of Law in our Country

To respect the individual autonomy and decision-making, the American Law requires the doctors to provide rational patients with complete information about their diseases and risks involved in the treatment, unless in critical conditions. Violation of this principle would lead to lawsuit on the part of the patients for relief. This paper presents detailed discussion on the legal basis of informed consent in the American Law and an analysis on the effect of the American law and legislation practice on legislation in our country.