旅游环境中民族文化的生态适应性变化研究——以张家界郝坪、包谷山土家族为例

旅游开发作为民族地区政府主导的经济行为，它所造成的社会影响与移民、传媒、族际交流等因素有着本质区别。本文选取了分别处于旅游影响辐射地带和核心区的两个村庄，采用实证研究法，以风俗礼仪、工艺传承、宗教节庆为测量指标，观测旅游环境中民族文化的变化特征，发现民族文化持有者群体在不同程度表现出实践行为和精神认同的分裂，在旅游业起步、发展阶段的背弃和成熟阶段的回归，集中体现了民族旅游区的文化嬗变是一个通过文化元素的生态制衡和文化主体的自觉选择，最终达成生态适应的过程。

Changes of Ecological Adaptability of the National Cultural in Tourism Environment——Taking Tujia Nationality from Haoping, Baogu Mountain in Zhang Jiajie as an Example

Tourism exploitation,an economic behavior led by the government in national area,has distinctly different social impact from such factors as immigration,media,internationality communication.By choosing two villages located in the radiation strip of the tourism impact and the core area respectively,the paper has observed the characteristics of the changes of the national cultural in tourism environment using demonstration research method by taking customs and etiquette,inheritance,religious festivals as the measurement indicators,and has found that the groups of the national cultural,which shows the splitting of practice acts and spiritual identity to some extent,abandonment in the starting and developing stage of the tourism industry and the regression in the mature stage,has intensively displayed that the cultural evolution in national tourist areas is a consciousness choice of the ecological balance through cultural element and the principal part of cultural,and ultimately achieves the ecological adaptation.